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PLC的数字量输入接口并不复杂，PLC为了提高抗干扰能力，输入接口都采用光电耦合器来隔离输入信号与内部处理电路的传输。因此，输入端的信号只是驱动光电耦合器的内部LED-导通，被光电耦合器的光电管接收，即可使外部输入信号可靠传输。

目前PLC数字量输入端口一般分单端共点与双端劫入，由于有区别，用户在选配外部传感器时接法上需要一定的区分与了解才能正确使用传感器与PLC为后期的编程工作和系统稳定奠定基础。

输入电路的形式

1、输入类型的分类

PLC的数字显输入端子，按电源分直流与交流，按输入接口分类由单端共点输入与双端输入，单姥共点接电源正极为SINK(sink Current 拉电流)，单谎共点接电源负极为SRCE(source current灌电流)。

2、词语的概述

SINK漏型为电流从蝙入端流出，那么输入端与电源负极相连即可，说明接口内部的光电耦合器为单谎共点为电源正极，可接NPN型传感器。SOURCE源型为电流从输入端流进，那么输入端与电源正极相连即可，说明接口内部的光电耦合器为单谎共点为电源负极，可接PNP型传感器。搜丘开关与光电开关三、四线输出分NPN与PNP输出，对于无检测信号时NPN的接近开关与光电开关输出为高电平(对内部有上拉电阻而言)，当有检测信号，内部NPN管导通，开关输出为低电平。

对于无检测信号时PNP的接近开关与光电开关输出为低电平(对内部有下拉电阻而言)，当有检测信号，内部PNP管导通，开关输出为高电平。以上的情况只是针对，专感器是属于常开的状态下。

3、按电源配胃类型

(1)直流输入电路

如图1，直流输入电路要求外部输入信号的元件为无源的干接点或直流有源的无触点开关接点，当外部给入元件与电源正极导通，电流通过R1，光电耦合器内部LED，VD1(接口指示)到COM端形成回路，光电耦合器内部接收管接受外部元件导通的信号，传输到内部处理这种由直流电提供电源的接口方式，叫直流输入电路;

直流电可以由FPLC内部提供也可以外接直流电源提供给外部输入信号的元件。R2在电路中的作用是旁路光电耦合器内部LED的电流，保证光电耦合器LED不被两线制接近开关的静态泄漏电流导通。

(2)交流输入电路

如图2，交流输入电路要求外部输入信号的元件为无源的干接点或交流有源的无触点开关接点，它与直流接口的区分在光电耦合器前加一级降压电路与桥整流电路。外部元件与交流电接通后，电流通过R1，C2经过桥整流，变成降压后的直流电，后续电路的原理与直流的一致。

交流PLC主要适用相对环境恶劣，布线技改变动不大等场合;如接近开关就用交流两线直接替代原来行程开关。

details

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PLC digital input interface is not complicated, PLC in order to improve anti-interference ability, the input interface adopts photoelectric coupler to isolate the transmission of the input signal and the internal processing circuit. Therefore, the input signal only drives the internal LED-conduction of the photocoupler, and is received by the phototube of the photocoupler, so that the external input signal can be reliably transmitted.

At present, the PLC digital input port is generally divided into single-ended common point and double-ended hijack, because of the difference, the user needs to distinguish and understand the connection method when selecting the external sensor in order to correctly use the sensor and PLC for the later programming work and system stability to lay the foundation.

Form of input circuit

1. Classification of input types

PLC digital display input terminals are divided into DC and AC according to the power supply, and are classified by single-ended common input and double-ended input according to the input interface. The single-pole common point power supply is positively SINK(sink Current), and the single-pole common point power supply is negatively SRCE(source current).

2. Overview of words

SINK drain means that the current flows from the input end, then the input end can be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, indicating that the photoelectric coupler inside the interface is a single lie common point is the positive terminal of the power supply, and can be connected to the NPN type sensor. SOURCE indicates that the current flows from the input end, then the input end is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, indicating that the photoelectric coupler inside the interface is a single lie common point is the negative terminal of the power supply, and can be connected to the PNP sensor. The three and four wire outputs of the search switch and the photoelectric switch are divided into NPN and PNP outputs. When there is no detection signal, the NPN proximity switch and the photoelectric switch output is high (for the internal pull-up resistance). When there is a detection signal, the internal NPN tube is on, and the switch output is low.

When there is no detection signal, the output of the PNP proximity switch and the photoelectric switch is low (for the pull-down resistance inside). When there is a detection signal, the internal PNP tube is on, and the switch output is high. The above situation is only for the specific sensor is normally open state.

3, according to the power supply with stomach type

(1) DC input circuit

As shown in Figure 1, the DC input circuit requires the component of the external input signal to be a passive dry contact or a DC active contactless switch contact. When the external input component is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the current passes through R1, the internal LED of the photocoupler, and VD1(interface indication) to the COM end to form a loop, and the internal receiving tube of the photocoupler receives the signal of the external component. Transmission to the internal processing of this interface mode provided by direct current power supply, called DC input circuit;

Direct current can be supplied from inside the FPLC or from an external DC power supply to an external input signal element. The function of R2 in the circuit is to bypass the current of the LED inside the photocoupler to ensure that the photocoupler LED is not switched on by the static leakage current of the two-wire proximity switch.

(2) AC input circuit

As shown in Figure 2, the AC input circuit requires the component of the external input signal to be a passive dry contact or an AC active contactless switching contact, which is differentiated from the DC interface by adding a step-down circuit and a bridge rectifier circuit in front of the photoelectric coupler. After the external component is connected with AC, the current passes through R1 and C2 through the bridge rectification, and becomes direct current after voltage reduction, and the principle of the subsequent circuit is consistent with that of DC.

Ac PLC is mainly applicable to the relatively harsh environment, wiring technical changes are not big occasions; If the approach switch is used, the AC two lines directly replace the original travel switch.

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